敘述的類型(Type of narrative)

 Type of narrative

   -Fictional/imaginary narratives (想像故事)

   -Personal narrative(生活故事)

     -account(聽話者未看到說話者經驗)

     -recount(聽話者及說話者有相同的經驗)

   -Script(腳本)

＊ Macro-structures (overall organization contents/events/episodes/à coherence)

Setting + Episode(initiating + attempt/action + consequence)

(1)   story grammar analysis 

-Setting: people, time, location/place,like or dislike, feature (人,時間 ,地點,喜好/特徵)

-Initiating event:something change the status of main role  (改變主角的狀態,某事件/問題)

-Internal response: how the main role to  response about initiating event, include  cognitive,emotion,and physical response.(主角對於引發事件的認知/情感/生理反應)

-Internal plan:the plan to achieve the goal.(主角的策略或計畫以達目標)

-Attempt / action: the act to achieve the goal.(主角為達到目標所做的事)

-Consequence: is success or failure about the goal? (對於目標的結果是成功/失敗)

-Reaction: what dose the main role think about the consequence? (include 

  thinking,emotion,behavior)(主角對於結果的情緒.想法,行為)

☆not every sentence include all elements(並非每個語句都含有以上的要素)

(2)   high point analysis good for personal narrative (有邏輯且加入個人理解/評價)  

     

     -Abstract/introduction

     -Orientation (~setting)

     -Complicating action (~initiating event)

     -Evaluation (~internal response/ reaction)

      -cognitive inferences:want to .../think.../guess (想要/猜/認為…)

      -reference to emotional states or behaviors:sad or happy (難過/高興)

      -social engagement (吸引聽者注意用語)

        -->sound effect: meow~  wow ! (喵~ )

        -->character speech :someone say "...."(誰說….)

      -hedges(表確定程度用語)

      -intensifiers:more,very......(很)

      -causal inference:because...; So......(因為…所以…)

    -Resolution (~attempt & consequence)

    -Coda (結語)

＊    Micro-structures (the between individual utterance à cohesion & syntax)

        Cohesion(凝聚)

        -conjunction(連接詞)

        -lexical cohesion(詞彙凝聚)

          àreiteration

          àsynonymy

      -reference(指稱詞)

         àdefinite(限定詞)

        àpronominal/demonstrative (代名詞/指示詞